AP08856384 — Development of a new high-tech technology for the utilization of SO2 and CO2 from waste gases of thermal power plants and metallurgical enterprises with the production of marketable products

Purpose: Creation of an environmentally friendly technology for the utilization of SO2 and CO2 from the exhaust gases of thermal power plants and metallurgical enterprises with the production of commercial products: elemental sulfur, biofuel and oxygen.

Relevance: Industrial emissions of enterprises in Kazakhstan into the atmosphere amount to about three million tons per year. Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises annually emit more than 100 thousand tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The lack of a reliable flue gas cleaning system and the use of old methods of capturing SO2, fly ash, CO2 and other harmful air pollutants have led to an increase in their concentrations in emissions above the maximum allowable standards. Air pollution with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide has become one of the most serious problems. The volumes of greenhouse gases emitted have become so large that they have become the subject of intense scrutiny requiring urgent action. In this regard, the solutions developed in the work aimed at deep purification of waste gases from SO2 and CO2 with the production of commercial products seem to be extremely relevant.

Scientific adviser:  Candidate of technical sciences, Professor, Dosmukhamedov Nurlan Kalievich

Results obtained: Within the research project, technological and thermotechnical calculations were performed for the removal of SO₂ and NOₓ from thermal power plant flue gases and for the regeneration of carbonate–sulfate melts. A pilot-scale installation was developed and constructed, demonstrating the feasibility of integrating absorption and regeneration processes in a single reactor. Experimental results confirmed high removal efficiencies of up to 95% for sulfur compounds and over 60% for nitrogen oxides. For the first time, a pilot industrial electrolyzer for CO₂ utilization with production of CO and oxygen was designed and tested. Optimal operating parameters for molten Li₂CO₃ electrolysis were established, ensuring high efficiency and stable long-term operation. Material balances were calculated, confirming the possibility of continuous operation when CO₂ is present in the feed gas. Based on the results, a comprehensive concept for deep flue gas cleaning and CO₂ utilization technology was developed.

List of publications with links to them

1. Kaplan V., Dosmukhamedov N., Zholdasbay E., Daruesh G., Argyn A. Alumina and Silica Produced by Chlorination of Power Plant Fly Ash Treatment // JOM. – 2020. – Vol. 72(10). – P. 3348–3357. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04267-5. (Q2, percentile 84).
2. Dosmukhamedov N., Kaplan V. Flue gas purification from SO₂ and NOₓ using molten mixture of alkali metal carbonates // International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization. – 2021. – P. 1–12. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2021.1931147. (Q3, percentile 58).
3. Досмухамедов Н.К., Егизеков М.Г., Жолдасбай Е.Е., Курмансейтов М.Б., Аргын А.А. Поведение NOₓ при очистке отходящих газов ТЭС карбонатным расплавом щелочных металлов // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2021. – № 1. – С. 30–35. – URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=13169.
4. Досмухамедов Н.К., Каплан В.А., Жолдасбай Е.Е., Курмансейтов М.Б., Аргын А.А. Электрохимическое восстановление CO₂ до CO в условиях электролиза карбоната лития при 900 ºС // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2021. – № 3. – С. 59–66. – URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=13192.
5. Досмухамедов Н.К., Каплан В.А., Жолдасбай Е.Е., Курмансейтов М.Б., Аргын А.А., Егизеков М.Г. Технологические опыты по утилизации CO₂ с получением товарных продуктов // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2021. – № 9. – С. 95–99. – URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=13278.
6. Dosmukhamedov N.K., Zholdasbay E.E., Kurmanseitov M.B., Argyn A.A. Kinetic parameters of the process of regeneration of carbonate-sulphate melt with natural gas // Gornyi Zhurnal Kazakhstana. – 2021. – № 1. – P. 34–40. – URL: http://minmag.kz/ru/2021/01/28/kinetic-parameters-of-the-process-of-regeneration-of-carbonate-sulphate-melt-with-natural-gas/.
7. Досмухамедов Н.К., Жолдасбай Е.Е. К вопросу очистки отходящих газов ТЭС и металлургических предприятий от SO₂: регенерация карбонатно-сульфатного расплава природным газом // Новости Науки Казахстана. – 2022. – № 2 (153). – С. 20–29.
8. Досмухамедов Н.К., Жолдасбай Е.Е. Балансовые опыты по очистке отходящих газов ТЭЦ от SO₂ и NOₓ карбонатным расплавом // Новости Науки Казахстана. – 2022. – № 2 (153). – С. 29–38.
9. Досмухамедов Н.К., Жолдасбай Е.Е. Способ извлечения диоксида серы (SO₂) и оксида азота (NOₓ) из промышленных газов: заявка на патент № 2022/0521.1 от 27.08.2022.